Gaits and movements of dressage include collected and extended walk, trot, and canter; trot and canter half-pass (a movement where the horse travels on a diagonal line keeping its body almost parallel with the arena wall while making both forward and sideways steps in each stride); passage (a slow-motion, suspended trot); piaffe (an approach to "trot in place"); one, two, & three tempi changes (where the horse changes from one lead to the other in the canter); and canter pirouettes (a 360-degree circle that is almost in place).

Tests ridden are scored by a panel of five international judges. Each movement in each test receives a numeric score from 0 (lowest) to 10 (highest) and the resulting final score is then converted into a percentage, which is carried out to three decimal points. The higher the percentage, the higher the score.

Past Winners
1990 Stockholm: Nicole Uphoff of Germany, Rembrandt
1994 The Hague: Isabell Werth of Germany, Gigolo (GP Special)
1994 The Hague: Anky van Grunsven of the Netherlands, Bonfire (GP Freestyle)
1998 Rome: Isabell Werth of Germany, Nissan Gigolo
2002 Jerez: Nadine Cappelmann of Germany, Farbenfroh
2006 Aachen: Isabell Werth of Germany, Satchmo (GP Special)
2006 Aachen: Anky van Grunsven of the Netherlands, Salinero (GP Freestyle)

For more information, please visit www.usdf.org